12/17/2023 0 Comments Cloud baby monitor security factories“They’re extremely difficult to catch and prevent. “These may be present in the devices that you own… Be mindful of that,” said Balan. Researchers warn enterprises in particular to be wary of connected device security issues. Flaws in a component used by an IP security camera makers exposed more than 2 million devices to attackers who could hijack the company’s security cameras, baby monitors and smart doorbells. For example, the popular smartwatch TicTocTrack was plagued by security issues that could allow hackers to track and call children. Over the past years, vulnerabilities in an array of connected consumer devices have compromised children’s privacy. That includes the names and profile pictures of the devices’ owners, as well as their email addresses and location and timestamps showing when they accessed their camera. If an attacker knows the device ID of one device (which they can easily obtain through either data exposed by the MQTT protocol or the S3 bucket), they can use it to exploit the IDOR vulnerability to access all of the device’s information. This reveals potentially sensitive data about the user. IDOR vulnerabilities occur when an application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input. Because the S3 bucket is improperly set up, an attacker would be easily able to access files stored in it – including private video recordings of babies and their parents.įinally, an Indirect Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in the iBaby Monitor M6S was broadcasting personal data of device owners insecurely. Researchers also found a misconfigured AWS bucket, which is used to store videos, pictures and sound collected from the baby monitor. “In some cases, the user device password is also broadcast.” “They used MQTT in the wrong way, so if you subscribe to iBaby, you will get spammed with notifications of the devices registered – including the device ID of each device,” said Balan. While the data is encrypted using AES256, the key and initialization vector (a fixed-size input for payload encryption) are easily predictable and are all hardcoded for all messages, Balan said.Īn attacker would be able to monitor this data remotely when a user configures a camera, ultimately giving them the ability to stream video, take screenshots, record video and play music using obtained credentials. In the context of the vulnerable iBaby Monitor, the MQTT protocol used between the baby monitor and the corresponding mobile app was leaking camera ID numbers, user ID numbers, camera status (online or offline) data and in some cases user credentials. Over the past year, improper configuration of MQTT has opened the doors to various vulnerabilities including bugs in smart deadbolts and just this week researchers at RSAC shared details of a vulnerability in a connected vacuum cleaner. Configuration issues with MQTT protocols have also plagued other IoT device makers. The most severe flaw stems from an issue with the baby monitor’s implementation of the MQTT communication protocol, which is often used by IoT and machine-to-machine applications. Threatpost has also reached out to iBaby Labs for comment. “If someone registers a, it’s possible to get full access.” “We’ve tried to reach out to iBaby since May 2019 about three major vulnerabilities in their baby monitor but haven’t heard back,” Alex Jay Balan, chief security researcher at Bitdefender, said during an RSA session. Researchers said the initial discovery was on May 20 (PDF) and that despite privately disclosing the bugs to the camera’s manufacture, iBaby Labs, it still has not heard from the company. On Wednesday, here at the RSA Conference, some technical details of the discovery were disclosed. The vulnerabilities were discovered in the iBaby Monitor M6S connected baby camera by researchers with Bitdefender. SAN FRANCISCO – Researchers have discovered a slew of security vulnerabilities in a popular baby monitor, which if exploited allows attackers to remotely access the camera’s video footage.
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12/17/2023 0 Comments Budget worksheetIt could also come from an experienced financial planning professional who can review your budget, offer suggestions and help answer questions. That might come from a trusted friend or relative who’s skillful with spending, savings, and investing. Begin with a 20/50/30 budget and adjust from. It’s also helpful to get a qualified second opinion. A budget is the first step to spending less than you earn and reaching your financial goals. Step 5: Review: Make a habit of reviewing your budget every month, particularly in the early stages. If you think you spend too much in a given area, set a goal that will prompt you to actively make changes. After looking at all of your expenses, separate them into categories and set a budget for each. I personally find these sheets comprehensive and empowering. These are awesome budget worksheets made by Jenn, a handy mother of two, to help get everyone on the same page. If not, examine your spending with two questions in mind: “What can I do without?” and “What’s really important?” Family Binder Budgeting Printables Found from Clean & Scentsible Now this is a great way to get organized with your family on financial goals. If your expenses add up to less than your income, you’re on the right track. If your income or expenses change each month, that can have a major impact on your budget. Make a Budget - Worksheet Make a Budget - Worksheet Use this worksheet to see how much money you spend this month. If it doesn't seem right, check that you've captured all of your income and expenses. At the end of the month, total your income and your expenses and then subtract your expenses from your income. Consider using online tools, such as Budget Watch, to automate the process of tracking your spending and setting up budget goals. A budget helps you reach your financial goals because it gives you a full understanding of your spending and saving, says Jim Wang, founder of, a personal finance blog. Expense tracker by Sheetgo This Sheetgo Expense tracker template is ideal for small businesses and project teams or anyone looking for a simple way to monitor expenses and automate financial management in their company. Track all your expenses, ranging from larger expenses, such as car, rent, mortgage, or credit card payments down to the amount you spend on daily lunches, or other incidental expenses. For one month, keep a detailed log of your spending. 1, Category, Monthly Budgeted Amount, Monthly Actual Spent including money put aside. So, you’ll need to gather your financial documents, such as pay stubs, credit card and bank account statements, and auto or student loan bills, to ensure you have enough information to get started. MONTHLY SPENDING PLAN WORKSHEET (BUDGET). At its core, a budget is a worksheet with separate categories for income, expenses, and savings. Whether you’re building a budget for the first time or simply need a refresher course, here’s a step-by-step guide to get you started: But when it comes time to create one – and then stick to it – it can be tough to get started. Most people know they need a household budget. 12/17/2023 0 Comments Plants vs zombies 2 online no downloadTry out cool titles like Grow Castle or Plants vs Zombies Heroes! You can emulate them all through our EmulatorPC. We still have more action-packed and fun mobile games you can play on PC.
12/16/2023 0 Comments Bombardier planesLast year, in light of the global pandemic and Garuda’s difficult trading environment, NAC had extensive discussions with the airline to help the their cash position during the crisis. Subsequently Garuda selected NAC to provide a further 12 CRJ-1000 aircraft under a lease agreement which ends in 2027…NAC is not party to any investigation into the selection of the aircraft by Garuda in 2012 and there has been no allegation of any wrongdoing on the part of NAC in relation to the placement of the aircraft. These aircraft were selected by Garuda prior to any engagement with NAC. The leasing company said “Garuda made the decision to directly acquire six CRJ-1000 aircraft from Bombardier, all of which Garuda has operated since 2012. The United Kingdom’s Serious Fraud Office is investigating Bombardier’s dealings with the Indonesian airline over “suspected bribery and corruption” in Garuda’s order for Bombardier CRJ 1000 regional jets, according to Bloomberg.įollowing the initial reports of Garuda’s actions, Nordic Aviation Capital (NAC) issued a statement. It cited the ongoing bribery probe against Bombadier and efficiency measures during the pandemic as reasons for terminating the deal. Garuda is also negotiating with Export Development Canada on an early settlement for the lease of six other Bombardier planes. The 12 planes under the contract, originally set to mature in 2027, are currently grounded at the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Setiaputra said in a virtual press briefing on Wednesday (10 February). The airline ended the contract on 1 February after a series of negotiations on price with Nordic Aviation failed, according to President Director Irfan Setiaputra. Indonesia’s flag carrier Garuda Indonesia said it has ended a Bombardier leasing contract with Nordic Aviation Capital A/S and will return a 12 CRJ jets amid an ongoing bribery probe, according to a report from Bloomberg and local Indonesian media. 12/16/2023 0 Comments Papercut ng config editorWhen a guest student prints from the generic guest login, the PaperCut NG/MF User Client The User Client tool is an add-on that resides on a user's desktop. The system is now configured to allow selected staff the ability to create internal accounts for the guest students. For more information about assigning administrator rights see Assign administrator level access.Įnsures that the PaperCut NG/MF client software is running on workstations where guest printing is allowed. The administrator right Create internal users is required for this purpose. PaperCut NG/MF administrator access is assigned to the staff who are responsible for creating the new student guest accounts. In Confirmation message, enter a tailored conformation message to provide relevant information, such as how to log in. In Access control, select Only admins can create users. To print with popup authentication the client software must be running on the workstations or laptops.) check box. Authentication is provided by the PaperCut NG client software in the form of a popup dialog requesting a username and password. In the Advanced Options area, select the Unauthenticated user (enable popup authentication Popup authentication involves matching the source IP address of the print job with the user confirmed to be operating from the popup client IP address. The guest students are first provided with access to computers or network resources using the generic login guest, password guest. To go about this, the administrator performs the following: The administrator wants to provide selected staff the ability to create PaperCut NG/MF accounts for these guest students as needed. These guest students do not have a login in the universities domain, and it is considered too much effort to go through "official channels" to create one for them. North Shore University has a campus that occasionally hosts students from other universities. Scenario One: Manually managed guest accounts For information about specific configuration, Internal users options provides full details about each available option. The following sections present several different environments and how you can use the internal users feature to accommodate them. For more information about the internal users batch import and update feature, see Batch internal user import and update. You can use this file to import or update a set of users who are managed separately to the regular domain users. This is useful for providing guests the ability to register their own accounts and begin printing immediately, removing the need for staff intervention.Īdministrators can create a new batch of internal users via a text based file import. You can give users the ability to create their own internal accounts via a web based registration form. This gives staff control over who can receive a new account, preventing the creation of unwanted accounts (e.g. You can give selected staff the ability to create internal user accounts. There are several ways you can use this feature: Internal users are managed inside PaperCut NG/MF, which means you do not need to create or manage them in an external user directory. Internal users are user accounts that exist only inside PaperCut NG/MF and are independent of the domain, network or operating system. Internal users (users managed by PaperCut NG/MF) Available in PaperCut NG and PaperCut MF. 12/16/2023 0 Comments Coppice wood farmIn fertile sites growth can be very strong during the first two years after coppicing, giving rapid site capture, reducing thereafter and so a 2 year cutting cycle may be more appropriate. The first harvest is in winter, typically three years after cut back, again using specialist equipment, however a cycle of 2 or 4 to 5 years is also common. Growthĭuring the first year it can grow up to 4m in height, and is then cut back to ground level in its first winter to encourage it to grow multiple stems. Information and advice is available from the Forest Research Yield models for energy coppice of poplar and willow website. The willow stools readily develop multiple shoots when coppiced and several varieties have been specifically bred with characteristics well suited for use as energy crops. Willow ( Salix spp.) is planted as rods or cuttings in spring using specialist equipment at a density of 15,000 per hectare. In the UK many different species have been coppiced in the past, however the principal species currently used for SRC for biomass for energy are: SRC willow Varieties Suitable speciesĪ number of different species are suitable for coppicing, with different optimum cycle periods. This practice is well established in the UK and Europe, having been a traditional method of woodland management over several hundred years for a variety of purposes including charcoal, fencing and shipbuilding. Some fast growing tree species can be cut down to a low stump (or stool) when they are dormantin winter andgo on to produce many new stems in the following growing season. 12/16/2023 0 Comments 1984 nuclear time magazineover- and/or underconfidence in nuclear command and control systems) and their impact on decision-making. These cases not only highlight the importance of leadership and human judgment but also provide insights into cognitive biases (i.e. Information sharing diminishes misperception and aids de-escalation. Lastly, the 1995 Norwegian rocket launch incident highlights the importance of information sharing and situational awareness in preventing misunderstandings, even in an amicable international security environment. Uncertainty and doubt are the domai n of System 2. Conscious doubt is not in the repertoire of System 1 it requires maintaining incompatible interpretations in mind at the same time, which demands mental effort. System 1 does not keep track of alternatives that it rejects, or even of the fact that there were alternatives. As Kahneman, a social psycho logist, put it: The interpretation that came to Petrov’s mind might have dominated the situation, and he may not have been aware of the uncertainty and ambiguity at play at that moment. Although Petrov trusted his intuition, guided by the experience that Soviet early-warning systems were patchy at the time, it is likely that he made a definitive choice without being consciously aware of it as he interpreted the data which suggested the presence of oncoming missiles. This action de-escalated a situation that could have led to the issuing of a preliminary command, which would in turn have unlocked the command and control chain to make it ready for a launch order from a decision-maker. Whereas Able Archer-83 provides insights into the misperceptions of chief decision-makers, especially in relation to the military exercises and training of forces that take place at times of elevated tensions, the 1983 nuclear false alarm incident captures the role as a decision-maker of a duty officer (Lieutenant Colonel Stanislav Petrov), who trusted his ‘gut feeling’ and decided to relay information about incoming intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) to higher echelons as a false alarm. On the other hand, the study of the 1995 Norwegian rocket launch incident allowed the researchers to judge whether – and to what extent – the degree of tension in the security environment matters, for instance in causing misperception, escalation or de-escalation. The authors have chosen these particular cases to analyse in further detail for the following reasons: they provide a comparison of the impact of the security environment in nuclear decision-making and they enable an understanding of the role of uncertainty and complexity under consistent secur ity conditions.īoth Able Archer-83 and the nuclear false alarm incident took place in 1983, providing an opportunity to compare two incidents where security concerns were similar, in a context of elevated security tensions. To illustrate uncertainty and complexity within the nuclear decision-making process, this section focuses on three case studies: the 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident (also known as the Serpukhov-15 or Petrov incident), the Able Archer-83 exercise, and the 1995 Norwegian rocket launch incident (also known as the Blac k Brant scare). Previous cases of near nuclear use provide insights into the human judgment processes in decision-making, highlighting the role of uncertainty and complexity in determining the outcome of critical nuc lear decisions. The authors draw on past examples of near nuclear use to examine decision-making in the nuclear context as a wicked problem, with multi-layered, interacting and constantly fluctuating elements. At a time of crisis, these factors may combine to cause risks of escalation. This research paper presents nuclear weapons decision-making as a complex endeavour, with individual decisions being influenced by multiple factors such as reasoning, intuition (also referred to in the literature as ‘gut feeling’), biases and system-level noise. Tackling problems in the nuclear weapons policy field requires the implementation of ‘system of systems’ design principles, mathematical modelling approaches and multidisciplinary analysis. Nuclear decision-making is shaped by, and interacts with, the ever-changing international security environment and nuclear weapons policy. It could also play an important role in the nuclear weapons sphere – by opening alternative pathways that may help mitigate risks of confrontation and escalation – but such modelling has yet to be fully embraced by policymakers in this community.īy applying a complexity lens, policy- and decision-makers at all stages along the nuclear chain of command might better understand how their actions could have significant consequences for international security and peace. Complex systems modelling is already implemented in critical policy areas such as climate change and health. It doesn't take much to see the subtle beginnings of this relationship, dating back to the first episode pairing the two together to take out Bandits while Sasha later admired Rhys' stun baton. Yes, Telltale has planted the seeds for a romance subplot between Rhys and Sasha. His whereabouts at the end of "Catch A Ride" will be an essential question going into the next episode.īONUS: Will Rhys' burgeoning relationship with Sasha change his aspirations?Ĭonfession time: This is more of a burning question for myself and the people that decided to follow a surprising option that's quietly surfaced over the course of the game. Vaughn is rapidly proving to be a guy with a massive inferiority complex and a guy with that level of insecurity is definitely somebody to watch out for, because he could just as easily be looking for the first opportunity to become a big shot. While a large percentage of players have chosen to forgive Vaughn for this transgression, it doesn't mean he's above selling out his friends. Remember that Vaughn isn't above selling Rhys out, as he already attempted to do so earlier in the game when he tipped Vasquez off about their location. If Rhys opted to apologize, Vaughn would reply that he's over it, but is he really? If he is, why bring it up at all? On top of that, think about a scene a few moments later and look at the way he almost feebly asks Fiona if there's anything he can do to help the team, as everyone has their function and he seemingly doesn't. But most importantly, keep in mind that the episode ends with him completely missing. In this particular case, that could be very dangerous.įor those that ended "Atlas Mugged" by trusting Handsome Jack, they'll recall a conversation Vaughn had with Rhys outside the dome about the old Keg-A-Tron 9000 Party Blowout Smash, where he pointed out the time that Rhys basically left him outside and essentially out in the cold. After spending the better part of three episodes trying to butter him up and make him feel like Rhys' best friend forever ("That's bro, bro!"), he's still pointing out how he doesn't quite fit in. There's something that doesn't feel entirely kosher about Vaughn's place with the team. This is not merely a repeat of the question I asked after the last episode. There now seems to be more to Felix than first meets the eye, which could make Fiona's final words to him sting a lot more, depending on how players opted to play out that pivotal moment in the first episode.Īlright, seriously, can Vaughn be trusted? At what point did Felix make this hire? Did he do this knowing he'd take off with the 10 million, thinking he could offer a cut to Athena? Was his intention always to develop Fiona as a strong, self-reliant Vault Hunter? And did he do all this knowing that August (the big mark) was the son of his old flame, Vallory? Did he realize he would have to go out of his way to make sure Fiona and Sasha were protected? Rather, she noted that Felix had hired her to protect them and teach them valuable survival skills. Contrary to what the last episode may have implied, Athena was not actually hunting Fiona and Sasha for the bounty on their heads. "Catch A Ride" has introduced some shades of grey into this subplot. As soon as 10 million dollars entered the picture, it seemed obvious that Felix had betrayed Fiona and Sasha to take the money and run. Was there more to Felix's actions in the first episode? 12/16/2023 0 Comments Art blocksFor the platform itself, classifying collections on the platform is for quality control. These requirements apply to artists who wish to create NFT collections on the platform. The three tiers have requirements, some of which are stricter for one than the other. There are three tiers of projects on Art Blocks and each will be considered below. Although, the base traits and attributes coded into the algorithm will still be present in all the NFTs. It is at this stage that the user gets to see what the NFT they purchased looks like.ĭespite this method of creating NFTs, each NFT created is unique and different from the others. Each image generated is unique and created in real-time. The final image is produced by the script during the minting process using the hash string or “seed” that the token provides. If an artist wants to create an NFT collection on Art Block, they will first upload their code to the platform and set a specific number of NFTs to be minted from it. We have spoken about generative NFTs and how they are created using an algorithm and preset data. This unpredictability is one of the reasons for its success as it introduces a new experience to collectors. Thus, each piece created is unique and unpredictable. That means a collector who wishes to buy them knows what they are buying.Īrt Blocks on the other hand are minted after the collector pays for the NFT. In the case of CryptoPunk, NFTs within the collection are already minted. However, Art Blocks NFTs are different from other NFTs. Hence, why thousands of them can be created all at once. Popular collections such as CryptoPunk are generative arts as they also rely on the algorithm to be randomized. Art Blocks spans an array of NFT collections by different artists.Īrt Blocks NFT are generative arts and they rely on algorithms to be randomized. What are Art Block NFTs?įounded by Erick Calderon in 2020, Art Blocks is an Ethereum-based generative art NFT that is created via algorithm. Through this method, it becomes possible to generate thousands of unique designs in milliseconds. These rules are what the computers follow to produce the result. The artists create the rules that guide the creation of these NFTs. Imagine artists having to hand-draw or use software to create every piece within a collection. Most NFT collections use this method as it makes it easier for the NFTs in the collection to be created. Generative art NFTs are created in the same way as generative art. Therefore, the artists do not determine the result, they only influence it. As explained earlier, Generative arts are created algorithmically using variables and traits the artists pre-coded. While Generative art has been around for decades, it didn’t come to the limelight until the rise of Generative art NFTs. The artist using this method sets a particular set of variables, traits, and styles which the computer then uses to create unique pieces. Generative arts are arts that are generated using a computer algorithm. Before we go into what Art Block NFTs are, it is important to know what generative NFTs are. 12/16/2023 0 Comments 2.8 f stopIt’s important to know how many f-stops of light an ND filter is blocking out, so you can adjust your camera settings accordingly. Each time you double the number in the ND filter name, this equates to a 1 f-stop reduction in light hitting your camera’s sensor. An ND4 filter lets in just 25% of the amount of light equal to 2 f-stops of light reduction. If you choose an ND2 filter, this equates to a 50% light reduction, or a 1 f-stop reduction. When deciding which ND filter you need, knowing its f-stop reduction, optical density or lens opening percentage is helpful. For example, an ND2 blocks out 1 f-stop of light, an ND4 blocks out 2 f-stops, an ND8 blocks out 3 f-stops and so on. Each time you double the number in the ND name, this equates to a 1 f-stop reduction in light hitting your camera’s sensor. This includes ND4, ND8, ND64 filters, and even as far as ND1000. You get a wide choice of options when choosing ND lens filters. Keep reading to understand how many f-stops of light each ND filter blocks out. This is where ND filters come in to reduce the amount of light that enters your lens. But doing so means you’re letting a lot of light into your lens, and if you’re shooting on a sunny day there’s a good chance your photo will be overexposed. If you want to shoot with a wide aperture to capture a shallow depth of field, you’ll need to set your f-stop to a low number like F2 or F4. ND lens filters vary according to how much light they let in, and this is determined by a filter’s f-stop reduction.Įssentially, an f-stop relates to the aperture size, ie, how open or closed the aperture of your lens is, for any given photo. An ND filter, or neutral density lens filter, reduces the amount of light entering your camera. |
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